CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
JOURNAL ARTICLE
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Cystatin C-Guided Vancomycin Dosing in Critically Ill Patients: A Quality Improvement Project.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine whether a vancomycin dosing algorithm based on estimated glomerular filtration rate from creatinine and cystatin C levels (eGFRcr-cys ) improves target trough concentration achievement compared to an algorithm based on estimated creatinine clearance (eCLcr ) in critically ill patients.

STUDY DESIGN: This prospective quality improvement project evaluated intensive care unit (ICU) patients started on intravenous vancomycin using one of 2 different strategies. Dosing regimens were selected and implemented after an individualized goal trough range was established (10-15 or 15-20mg/L). Steady-state goal trough achievement was compared between treatment arms with and without adjustment for potential confounders.

SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 3 medical and surgical ICUs at a single tertiary medical center.

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PLAN: During January 2012 to October 2013, vancomycin was dosed according to eCLcr using the Cockcroft-Gault formula (control arm). During December 2013 to May 2015, a multidisciplinary quality improvement team implemented a novel vancomycin dosing algorithm according to eGFRcr-cys using the CKD-EPI equation (intervention arm).

OUTCOME: Steady-state initial goal vancomycin trough concentration achievement.

MEASUREMENTS & RESULTS: More patients in the intervention arm (67 of 135 [50%]) achieved therapeutic trough vancomycin levels than in the control arm (74 of 264 [28%]; OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.65-3.90; P<0.001). Improved trough achievement was maintained even after adjustment for age, sex, APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) III score, fluid balance, baseline CLcr , surgical admission diagnosis, presence of sepsis, and goal trough concentration range (adjusted OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.76-4.44; P<0.001). Clinical outcomes were similar between groups.

LIMITATIONS: Nonrandomized, incomplete algorithm compliance.

CONCLUSIONS: A vancomycin dosing nomogram based on eGFRcr-cys significantly improved goal trough achievement compared to eCLcr among ICU patients with stable kidney function. Further studies are warranted to characterize the relationship between use of cystatin C-guided dosing and clinical outcomes.

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