Typhlitis.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the pathophysiological features and management of the clinical entity typhlitis.

DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: The data presented are derived from a review of the English-language literature on typhlitis. The majority of papers analysed were small clinical series.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data derived from the literature review were collated. The major finding was that typhlitis comprises a number of different diseases characterized by the presence of right lower quadrant pain, an immunocompromised host and altered function of the mucosal barrier of the right colon.

CONCLUSIONS: Typhlitis should be suspected in any immunocompromised patient presenting with right lower quadrant pain with compatible radiographic findings. Most patients can be treated conservatively with intravenously administered fluids and antibiotics, although surgery may be necessary if complications arise.