The shoulder in neonatal brachial palsy.

The most common residual weakness in neonatal brachial palsies involve the shoulder muscles. More than 84 tendon transfers were performed for weak external rotators. In addition to the tendon transfers, 10 younger children required closed reduction. Nine glenohumeral fusions were performed in adolescents. These procedures have resulted in improved function with few postoperative problems. Four osteotomies of the dislocated shoulder in older adolescents and two open reductions were performed in the older group of children.