Add like
Add dislike
Add to saved papers

Diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome.

TOS represents a spectrum of disorders encompassing four related syndromes: arterial compression, venous compression, neurogenic compression, and a poorly defined pain syndrome. Patients can present with signs of arterial insufficiency, venous obstruction, painless wasting of intrinsic hand muscles, and pain. History and physical examination are the most important diagnostic studies, and radiographs of the chest and cervical spine and electromyography/nerve conduction studies are useful to identify other causes of pain and disability. Surgical intervention is indicated for patients failing nonoperative maneuvers and can usually yield satisfactory results. TOS may also be the most underrated, overlooked, and misdiagnosed, and the most important and difficult to manage peripheral nerve compression in the upper extremity.

Full text links

We have located links that may give you full text access.
Can't access the paper?
Try logging in through your university/institutional subscription. For a smoother one-click institutional access experience, please use our mobile app.

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

Mobile app image

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.

Your Privacy Choices Toggle icon

You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app