Cinacalcet hydrochloride.

Oral cinacalcet hydrochloride (HCl) [Sensipar, Mimpara] is the first in a new class of therapeutic agents, the calcimimetics, and has a novel mechanism of action. It directly modulates the principal regulator of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, namely the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) on the chief cells in the parathyroid gland. Cinacalcet HCl reduces circulating PTH levels by increasing the sensitivity of the CaR to extracellular calcium. In three pivotal phase III, 26-week, randomised, double-blind, multicentre trials in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (n = 1136) on dialysis with uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), a significantly higher proportion of oral cinacalcet HCl 30-180 mg/day than placebo recipients achieved a reduction in intact PTH levels to < or =250 pg/mL. Cinacalcet HCl treatment also simultaneously lowered serum calcium and phosphorus, and calcium-phosphorous product levels. Notably, cinacalcet HCl proved effective in a broad range of CKD patients on dialysis with uncontrolled secondary HPT, regardless of disease severity, duration of dialysis treatment, dialysis modality, race, age, gender, or concurrent phosphate binder or vitamin D sterol use. Cinacalcet HCl (60-360 mg/day) also reduced elevated serum calcium levels by > or =1 mg/dL in 15 of 21 (71%) patients with parathyroid carcinoma in an open-label, multicentre, dose-titration trial. Cinacalcet HCl was generally well tolerated in clinical trials. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate in severity.