A review of knee dislocations.

OBJECTIVE: To inform health care professionals about the various mechanisms of this little-known injury, as well as its potentially limb-threatening complications. In addition, keys to immediate recognition and the importance of a thorough rehabilitation program are stressed.

DATA SOURCES: I searched MEDLINE (1966-2000) using the key words knee dislocation, knee injury, and tibiofemoral dislocation.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Knee dislocations are uncommon but very serious injuries. Because the joint may spontaneously reduce before the examiner reaches the patient, the examiner must be aware of the potential complications and rule out any neurovascular damage immediately.

CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: Prompt recognition of this injury and proper care combined with an extensive rehabilitation program can greatly improve the prognosis for the patient. Neurovascular integrity should be assessed routinely for several days after the injury to ensure that complications do not develop.