Current dilemmas in Down syndrome clinical care: celiac disease, thyroid disorders, and atlanto-axial instability.

This study will discuss our current understanding of celiac disease (CD), thyroid disorders, and atlanto-axial instability, three important areas of medical management in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). In this study, we highlight our current knowledge, as well as what we need to study in order to gather the necessary data to refine the empirically based screening protocols which are now in place.