[Video-polysomnography in preterm infants with birth weight under 1,800 g].

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal video-polysomnography (VPSG) in preterm infants is indicated to rule out sleep-related respiratory disturbances before discharge from neonatal units and to study neonatal sleep patterns and associated pathologic conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To study the presence of apnea, hypopnea, and periodic breathing in preterm infants with low birth weight (< 1,800 g) and to describe their cardio-respiratory variability, electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, and brain maturity in connection with sleep stages.

METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional, descriptive study through review of the clinical histories of preterm infants with a birth weight < 1,800 g who had undergone VPSG (2001-2003). The most common indication for VPSG was the presence of sleep apneas and oxygen desaturation. The data obtained were used for descriptive statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Thirty-one infants were studied, with a mean gestational age of 27.8 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1,158 g. The most frequently associated condition was hyalin membrane disease (68 %). Cardiorespiratory impairment was detected in 65 %, altered sleep pattern in 6 %, immature EEG recording in 32 %, abnormal pattern in 13 %, and immature plus abnormal pattern in 3 %. Sixty-nine percent of the infants required home monitoring and 23 % needed oxygen at home. Four infants were readmitted on several occasions due to apnea.

CONCLUSION: We wish to stress the importance of carrying out VPSG with suitable methodology in preterm infants with cardiorespiratory or neurological impairment in order to detect abnormalities on EEG and to assess brain maturity and sleep-related abnormal respiratory events.