Radiographic classification of temporal bone fractures: clinical predictability using a new system.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the traditional system of radiographic classification of temporal bone fractures (transverse vs longitudinal vs oblique) with a newer system (otic capsule violating vs otic capsule sparing) with respect to their ability to predict sequelae of temporal bone trauma.

DESIGN: Retrospective chart and radiology review.

SETTING: University trauma center and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

PATIENTS: Patients with temporal bone fractures.

INTERVENTIONS: Clinic records and computed tomographic scans were reviewed to evaluate the clinical predictability of complications of temporal bone fractures.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Complications of temporal bone fractures (ie, sensorineural hearing loss, conductive hearing loss, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and facial nerve weakness) were recorded. Two classification schemes for temporal bone fractures were statistically analyzed and compared as to their ability to predict each complication.

RESULTS: A total of 234 temporal bone fractures were identified; 30 cases met our strict criteria for inclusion. The traditional classification system of temporal bone fractures did not significantly predict temporal bone complications (P = .71). On the other hand, the otic capsule-based system did demonstrate statistically significant predictive ability (P < .001). Patients with otic capsule-violating fractures were 5 times more likely to have facial nerve injury, 25 times more likely to have sensorineural hearing loss, and 8 times more likely to have cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea than those with otic capsule-sparing fractures.

CONCLUSIONS: The traditional radiographic classification system failed to demonstrate clinical predictability in our series. Furthermore, the newer system of classification (otic capsule sparing vs otic capsule violating) demonstrated statistically significant predictive ability for serious clinical outcomes associated with temporal bone fractures.