[Exertional compartment syndrome of the lower leg and common peroneal nerve palsy as combined injury after weight lifting].

While the compartment syndrome after traumatic injury is a well-known entity and well recognised, an exercise-induced acute compartment syndrome is seldom and often missed. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can result in a poor outcome such as loss of function or limb. Early recognition and prompt fasciotomy are necessary. We would like to present the case of an exertional compartment syndrome of the tibialis anterior space after weight-lifting which was complicated by an acute pressure-induced palsy of the common peroneal nerve due to a self applied knee-support-bandage. A thorough case history provided the clue to understand the resulting pathology. This case shows again the necessity of good medical assistance for athletes in leisure-time sport activities.