Assessment of left ventricular structure and function in preeclampsia by echocardiography and cardiovascular biomarkers.

AIM: To assess left ventricular (LV) structure and function in preeclampsia, a serious vascular-related pregnancy disorder, by Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) in combination with the levels of cardiovascular biomarkers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five pregnant women with preeclampsia and 30 with normal pregnancy, matched for age and gestational age were examined during pregnancy and 3-6 months after delivery. Transthoracic echocardiography and DTI were performed and blood levels of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), cystatin C and troponin I were analyzed.

RESULTS: There were significant differences in LV and left atrial dimensions and function between the groups. A higher septal and lateral E/E' ratio (E = early transmitral diastolic flow velocity and E' = early diastolic myocardial velocity) (P < 0.0001, 0.0008) and higher levels of NT-pro-BNP, cystatin C, and lower cystatin C estimated GFR in ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (P < 0.0001) were seen in the preeclampsia both during pregnancy and at follow-up. In addition the levels of E/E' ratio lateral and NT-pro-BNP were higher in pregnant women with early-onset preeclampsia necessitating delivery before 34 weeks of gestation than those who developed preeclampsia and delivered at or after 34 weeks (P = 0.0004, 0.005).

CONCLUSION: In pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, especially early-onset preeclampsia, the diastolic LV function is impaired and levels of biomarkers, NT-pro-BNP and cystatin C, are increased in comparison to normal pregnancy.