A conventional multimodality imaging cascade to detect a superior vena cava obstruction.

Iatrogenic injuries of the superior vena cava (SVC) following surgical or endovascular treatments are rare but challenging complications and require prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The additional diagnostic value of venography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging has been widely assessed in the clinical setting of the SVC obstruction, whereas the role of conventional transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is still uncertain. A 43-year-old female patient was admitted to the echocardiography laboratory because of a superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) following a balloon SVC venoplasty with stent implantation. A standard transoesophageal echocardiography examination clearly detected the SVC obstruction on previously implanted stents. We found that fundamental steps of early diagnosis of SVCS would benefit from standard TEE.