The role of milrinone in children with cardiovascular compromise: review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular instability is a common complication in children after cardiac surgery and in various forms of shock.

METHODS: Systematic literature review.

RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this systematic literature review. In children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease milrinone significantly reduced the risk of development of LCOS compared with placebo. In another study in children with high pulmonary vascular resistance and impaired oxygenation after Fontan operation, inhalation of NO with milrinone led to the most significant reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance and improvement of oxygenation. When only milrinone was given these changes were less pronounced. In non-hyperdynamic septic shock, CI, SVI, and DO₂ significantly increased while SVRI significantly decreased after milrinone when compared to placebo.

CONCLUSIONS: There are a limited number of RCTs in children that suggest a beneficial effect of milrinone in the optimization of cardiovascular function after cardiac surgery and in septic shock.