JOURNAL ARTICLE
RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL
RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T
Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia.
Stephan Ripke, Colm O'Dushlaine, Kimberly Chambert, Jennifer L Moran, Anna K Kähler, Susanne Akterin, Sarah E Bergen, Ann L Collins, James J Crowley, Menachem Fromer, Yunjung Kim, Sang Hong Lee, Patrik K E Magnusson, Nick Sanchez, Eli A Stahl, Stephanie Williams, Naomi R Wray, Kai Xia, Francesco Bettella, Anders D Borglum, Brendan K Bulik-Sullivan, Paul Cormican, Nick Craddock, Christiaan de Leeuw, Naser Durmishi, Michael Gill, Vera Golimbet, Marian L Hamshere, Peter Holmans, David M Hougaard, Kenneth S Kendler, Kuang Lin, Derek W Morris, Ole Mors, Preben B Mortensen, Benjamin M Neale, Francis A O'Neill, Michael J Owen, Milica Pejovic Milovancevic, Danielle Posthuma, John Powell, Alexander L Richards, Brien P Riley, Douglas Ruderfer, Dan Rujescu, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Teimuraz Silagadze, August B Smit, Hreinn Stefansson, Stacy Steinberg, Jaana Suvisaari, Sarah Tosato, Matthijs Verhage, James T Walters, Douglas F Levinson, Pablo V Gejman, Kenneth S Kendler, Claudine Laurent, Bryan J Mowry, Michael C O'Donovan, Michael J Owen, Ann E Pulver, Brien P Riley, Sibylle G Schwab, Dieter B Wildenauer, Frank Dudbridge, Peter Holmans, Jianxin Shi, Margot Albus, Madeline Alexander, Dominique Campion, David Cohen, Dimitris Dikeos, Jubao Duan, Peter Eichhammer, Stephanie Godard, Mark Hansen, F Bernard Lerer, Kung-Yee Liang, Wolfgang Maier, Jacques Mallet, Deborah A Nertney, Gerald Nestadt, Nadine Norton, Francis A O'Neill, George N Papadimitriou, Robert Ribble, Alan R Sanders, Jeremy M Silverman, Dermot Walsh, Nigel M Williams, Brandon Wormley, Maria J Arranz, Steven Bakker, Stephan Bender, Elvira Bramon, David Collier, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Jeremy Hall, Conrad Iyegbe, Assen Jablensky, Rene S Kahn, Luba Kalaydjieva, Stephen Lawrie, Cathryn M Lewis, Kuang Lin, Don H Linszen, Ignacio Mata, Andrew McIntosh, Robin M Murray, Roel A Ophoff, John Powell, Dan Rujescu, Jim Van Os, Muriel Walshe, Matthias Weisbrod, Durk Wiersma, Peter Donnelly, Ines Barroso, Jenefer M Blackwell, Elvira Bramon, Matthew A Brown, Juan P Casas, Aiden P Corvin, Panos Deloukas, Audrey Duncanson, Janusz Jankowski, Hugh S Markus, Christopher G Mathew, Colin N A Palmer, Robert Plomin, Anna Rautanen, Stephen J Sawcer, Richard C Trembath, Ananth C Viswanathan, Nicholas W Wood, Chris C A Spencer, Gavin Band, Céline Bellenguez, Colin Freeman, Garrett Hellenthal, Eleni Giannoulatou, Matti Pirinen, Richard D Pearson, Amy Strange, Zhan Su, Damjan Vukcevic, Peter Donnelly, Cordelia Langford, Sarah E Hunt, Sarah Edkins, Rhian Gwilliam, Hannah Blackburn, Suzannah J Bumpstead, Serge Dronov, Matthew Gillman, Emma Gray, Naomi Hammond, Alagurevathi Jayakumar, Owen T McCann, Jennifer Liddle, Simon C Potter, Radhi Ravindrarajah, Michelle Ricketts, Avazeh Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Matthew J Waller, Paul Weston, Sara Widaa, Pamela Whittaker, Ines Barroso, Panos Deloukas, Christopher G Mathew, Jenefer M Blackwell, Matthew A Brown, Aiden P Corvin, Mark I McCarthy, Chris C A Spencer, Elvira Bramon, Aiden P Corvin, Michael C O'Donovan, Kari Stefansson, Edward Scolnick, Shaun Purcell, Steven A McCarroll, Pamela Sklar, Christina M Hultman, Patrick F SullivanSchizophrenia is an idiopathic mental disorder with a heritable component and a substantial public health impact. We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) for schizophrenia beginning with a Swedish national sample (5,001 cases and 6,243 controls) followed by meta-analysis with previous schizophrenia GWAS (8,832 cases and 12,067 controls) and finally by replication of SNPs in 168 genomic regions in independent samples (7,413 cases, 19,762 controls and 581 parent-offspring trios). We identified 22 loci associated at genome-wide significance; 13 of these are new, and 1 was previously implicated in bipolar disorder. Examination of candidate genes at these loci suggests the involvement of neuronal calcium signaling. We estimate that 8,300 independent, mostly common SNPs (95% credible interval of 6,300-10,200 SNPs) contribute to risk for schizophrenia and that these collectively account for at least 32% of the variance in liability. Common genetic variation has an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia, and larger studies will allow more detailed understanding of this disorder.
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