Combined arteriovenous thrombolytic infusion for refractory renal vein thrombosis.

Acute renal vein thrombosis can rapidly lead to significant impairment and eventual loss of renal function. Classically presenting with flank pain, hematuria, and laboratory markers consistent with acute kidney injury, therapeutic anticoagulation is the mainstay of treatment. However, endovascular surgery offers a safe and effective alternative for renal salvage in the setting of acute renal vein thrombosis. Described is the use of combined arteriovenous thrombolytic infusion for refractory renal vein thromboses to quickly and effectively decrease clot burden in the micro- and macrovenous circulations while limiting systemic exposure.