Does erythropoietin have a role in the treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies?

This review presents the indications and contraindications (pros and cons) for the potential use of erythropoietin (Epo) as a treatment in β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia (SCA). Its high cost and route of administration (by injection) are obvious obstacles, especially in underdeveloped countries, where thalassemia is prevalent. We believe that from the data summarized in this review, the time has come to define, by studying in vitro and in vivo models, as well as by controlled clinical trials, the rationale for treating patients with various forms of thalassemia and SCA with Epo alone or in combination with other medications.