Evaluation of a water-soluble contrast protocol for nonoperative management of pediatric adhesive small bowel obstruction.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: We examined outcomes before and after implementing an enteral water-soluble contrast protocol for management of pediatric adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO).

METHODS: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for all children admitted with ASBO between November 2010 and June 2017. Those admitted between November 2010 and October 2013 received nasogastric decompression with decision for surgery determined by surgeon judgment (preprotocol). Patients admitted after October 2013 (postprotocol) received water-soluble contrast early after admission, were monitored with serial examinations and radiographs, and underwent surgery if contrast was not visualized in the cecum by 24 h. Group outcomes were compared.

RESULTS: Twenty-six patients experienced 29 admissions preprotocol, and 11 patients experienced 12 admissions postprotocol. Thirteen (45%) patients admitted preprotocol underwent surgery, versus 2 (17%) postprotocol patients (p = 0.04). Contrast study diagnostic sensitivity as a predictor for ASBO resolution was 100%, with 90% specificity. Median overall hospital LOS trended shorter in the postprotocol group, though was not statistically significant (6.2 days (preprotocol) vs 3.6 days (postprotocol) p = 0.12). Pre- vs. postprotocol net operating cost per admission yielded a savings of $8885.42.

CONCLUSIONS: Administration of water-soluble contrast after hospitalization for pediatric ASBO may play a dual diagnostic and therapeutic role in management with decreases in surgical intervention, LOS, and cost.

TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective comparative study.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.