Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To systematically review the risk factors for new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and management of new diabetes after kidney transplantation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library databases, and other databases for case-control studies related to risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation published between January 2005 and July 2019. A meta-analysis of data on risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation from the included studies was performed. A narrative review of risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation was also performed.

RESULTS: A total of 24 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 6127 patients. There were 1598 patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation and 5542 patients without new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation. The meta-analysis results showed that age, polycystic kidney disease, family history of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), acute rejection, tacrolimus use, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and hypertension were associated with new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation, whereas sex, sirolimus use, cyclosporin A use, steroid use, and cytomegalovirus infection were not associated with new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation.

CONCLUSIONS: Older age, BMI, family history of diabetes, tacrolimus use, history of hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, acute rejection, HBV infection, and HCV infection are risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation. Therefore, the clinical implications of these factors warrant attention.