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Oral leukoplakia, a clinical-histopathological study in 412 patients.

BACKGROUND: A retrospective clinical-histopathological study was made of the evolution of oral leukoplakia over time, staging the disease according to the classification of van der Waal.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was made of 412 patients with oral leukoplakia, analyzing the corresponding clinical factors and histopathological findings; assessing associations between the different clinical presentations and epithelial dysplasia; and evaluating the factors influencing malignant transformation of the lesions.

RESULTS: Clinically, homogeneous presentations were seen to predominate (n = 336, 81.6%), while histologically most of the lesions exhibited no dysplastic changes (n = 271; 65.7%). Stage 1 of the van der Waal classification was the most common presentation (n = 214; 51.9%). The lesion malignization rate was 8.3%, and the factors associated to a significantly increased malignization risk were non-homogeneous OL lesions ( p =0.00), lesion location in the tongue ( p =0.00), and the presence of epithelial dysplasia ( p =0.00).

CONCLUSIONS: In our series of patients with oral leukoplakia, malignization was associated to the less common clinical presentations of the disease, i.e., non-homogeneous lesions, and the latter tended to exhibit high grade epithelial dysplasia. Key words: Oral leukoplakia, potentially malignant disorders, malignant transformation.

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