Female Athlete Hip Injuries: A Narrative Review.

OBJECTIVE: In this narrative review, we highlight sex-specific anatomic and biomechanical features of the hip region in female athletes, as well as the potential impact of these characteristics on observed disparities in both intra-articular and extra-articular injury patterns between female and male athletes. It is our goal to broaden the scope of knowledge related to hip pathology in active female athletes among sports medicine providers with the hope of better optimizing sport participation and performance in female athletes.

DATA SOURCES: A literature review was conducted using PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine. Search terms included sport, female, athlete, sex differences, injury, hip, and all diagnoses discussed in this review. Cross-reference of these articles identified additional resources.

MAIN RESULTS: Sex-specific differences in both static design and dynamic function contribute to disparities in hip injury patterns between female and male athletes. Intra-articular injuries, including labral and ligamentum teres pathology, as well as extra-articular injuries, including iliopsoas tendon dysfunction, gluteal and proximal hamstring tendinopathy, ischiofemoral impingement, bone stress injuries, and certain nerve entrapment syndromes, seem to affect female athletes more commonly than male counterparts.

CONCLUSIONS: Given unique anatomic and functional considerations, the growing population of female athletes worldwide warrants specialized care and consideration. Potential predisposition to specific hip injuries should be taken into consideration during diagnostic evaluation of hip pain in the female athlete.