Physical therapy interventions for the treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS): Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of interventions on pain associated with DOMS.

DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro, Cochrane, and Scielo databases were searched, from the oldest records until May/2020. Search terms used included combinations of keywords related to "DOMS" and "intervention therapy".

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Healthy participants (no restrictions were applied, e.g., age, sex, and exercise level). To be included, studies should be: 1) Randomized clinical trial; 2) Having induced muscle damage and subsequently measuring the level of pain; 3) To have applied therapeutic interventions (nonpharmacological or nutritional) and compare with a control group that received no intervention; and 4) The first application of the intervention had to occur immediately after muscle damage had been induced.

RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-one studies were included. The results revealed that the contrast techniques (p = 0,002 I2  = 60 %), cryotherapy (p = 0,002 I2  = 100 %), phototherapy (p = 0,0001 I2  = 95 %), vibration (p = 0,004 I2  = 96 %), ultrasound (p = 0,02 I2  = 97 %), massage (p < 0,00001 I2  = 94 %), active exercise (p = 0,0004 I2  = 93 %) and compression (p = 0,002 I2  = 93 %) have a better positive effect than the control in the management of DOMS.

CONCLUSION: Low quality evidence suggests that contrast, cryotherapy, phototherapy, vibration, ultrasound, massage, and active exercise have beneficial effects in the management of DOMS-related pain.