Histopathologic and Molecular Diagnosis of Melanoma.

Conventional histopathology is the primary means of melanoma diagnosis. Both architectural and cytologic features aid in discrimination of melanocytic nevi from melanoma. Communication between the clinician and pathologist regarding the history, examination, differential diagnosis, prior biopsy findings, method of sampling, and specimen orientation is critical to an accurate diagnosis. A melanoma pathology report includes multiple prognostic indicators to guide surgical and medical management. In challenging cases, immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics may be of benefit.