Immediate skin-to-skin contact after birth ensures stable thermoregulation in very preterm infants in high-resource settings.

AIM: To investigate the impact of immediate skin-to-skin contact with a parent after birth on thermal regulation in very preterm infants.

METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted in three neonatal intensive care units in Scandinavia from 2018 to 2021. Infants born between 28+0-32+6 weeks and days of gestation were randomised to immediate skin-to-skin contact or conventional care in an incubator during the first six postnatal hours. We report on a secondary outcome: serial measurements of axillary temperature.

RESULTS: Ninety-one infants were randomised to skin-to-skin contact or conventional care. Mean (range) gestational ages were 31+2 (28+6, 32+5) and 31+0 (28+4, 32+6) weeks and days, mean birth weights were 1572 (702, 2352) and 1495 (555, 2440) grams, respectively. Mean (95%CI, p-value) temperatures were within the normal range in both groups, 0.2°C (-0.29, -0.14, p<0.001) lower in the skin-to-skin contact group. The skin-to-skin contact group had a lower relative risk (95%CI, p-value) of developing events of hyperthermia, RR=0.70 (0.50, 0.99, p=0.04).

CONCLUSIONS: Very preterm infants, irrespective of clinical stability, do not develop hypothermia during immediate skin-to-skin contact after birth. Immediate skin-to-skin contact did protect against events of hyperthermia. Concerns about thermal regulation should not limit implementation of immediate skin-to-skin contact in high-resource settings.