New concepts in lower lip reconstruction.

This article presents three methods that enable immediate and satisfactory repair of defects of the lower lip. In partial defects of the lower lip, an advancement flap technique developed from the Bernard method is used. Two methods are described for total resections. The first method is a combination of the advancement flap technique with a reverse Abbé-Estlander flap brought down from the upper lip and is done in two stages. The second method achieves reconstruction in one stage and consists of bringing two arterialized island flaps from the nasolabial region to reconstruct the lower lip. The new methods are superior to traditional methods of lower lip reconstruction in terms of esthetics and function.