We have located links that may give you full text access.
Historical Article
Journal Article
The evolution of therapy for dehydration: should deficit therapy still be taught?
Pediatrics 1996 August
OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution of rehydration therapy for cholera and diarrheal dehydration from its beginning in 1832 to the present. To reaffirm the central role for extracellular fluid (ECF) expansion and question the continued teaching of deficit therapy in many current pediatric texts.
METHODOLOGY: I reviewed the rationale underlying three treatment strategies: rapid parenteral infusions of saline solutions to restore ECF; deficit therapy to replace specific electrolyte and water losses; and oral rehydration therapy (ORT) to effect both. I used crude mortality rates as the measure of outcomes.
RESULTS: (1) Beginning in 1832 for cholera and 1918 for infant diarrheal dehydration, parenteral saline infusions were infused to replace losses of salt and water; they were very effective in salvaging moribund dehydrated patients by quickly restoring ECF volume and renal perfusion. Mortality rates dropped from more than 60% to less than 30%. (2) Deficit therapy as it evolved in the 1950s defined potassium and other fluid and electrolyte deficits and replaced them using specific but complicated fluid and electrolyte replacement regimens. Mortality rates dropped to single digits. (3) ORT, with intravenous expansion of ECF volume when indicated, rapidly corrected specific fluid and electrolyte disorders with a very simple therapeutic regimen. Mortality rates dropped to less than 1%.
CONCLUSIONS: The simpler, more effective ORT regimen should be taught as standard therapy for diarrheal dehydration. Principles of body fluid physiology should be taught in their own right.
METHODOLOGY: I reviewed the rationale underlying three treatment strategies: rapid parenteral infusions of saline solutions to restore ECF; deficit therapy to replace specific electrolyte and water losses; and oral rehydration therapy (ORT) to effect both. I used crude mortality rates as the measure of outcomes.
RESULTS: (1) Beginning in 1832 for cholera and 1918 for infant diarrheal dehydration, parenteral saline infusions were infused to replace losses of salt and water; they were very effective in salvaging moribund dehydrated patients by quickly restoring ECF volume and renal perfusion. Mortality rates dropped from more than 60% to less than 30%. (2) Deficit therapy as it evolved in the 1950s defined potassium and other fluid and electrolyte deficits and replaced them using specific but complicated fluid and electrolyte replacement regimens. Mortality rates dropped to single digits. (3) ORT, with intravenous expansion of ECF volume when indicated, rapidly corrected specific fluid and electrolyte disorders with a very simple therapeutic regimen. Mortality rates dropped to less than 1%.
CONCLUSIONS: The simpler, more effective ORT regimen should be taught as standard therapy for diarrheal dehydration. Principles of body fluid physiology should be taught in their own right.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
The 'Ten Commandments' for the 2023 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of endocarditis.European Heart Journal 2024 April 18
Challenges in Septic Shock: From New Hemodynamics to Blood Purification Therapies.Journal of Personalized Medicine 2024 Februrary 4
A Guide to the Use of Vasopressors and Inotropes for Patients in Shock.Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 2024 April 14
Prevention and treatment of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in people with diabetes mellitus: a focus on glucose control and comorbidities.Diabetologia 2024 April 17
Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation 2024 April 19
Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Clinical Pearls for Primary Care Providers and Gastroenterologists.Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2024 April
Essential thrombocythaemia: A contemporary approach with new drugs on the horizon.British Journal of Haematology 2024 April 9
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app