We have located links that may give you full text access.
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Transthoracic echocardiographic findings in patients with acute retinal arterial obstruction. A retrospective review. Retinal Emboli of Cardiac Origin Group.
Archives of Ophthalmology 1996 October
OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of cardio-embolic (emboli of cardiac origin) risk stratification in the cardiac evaluation of patients with acute retinal arterial obstruction.
DESIGN: A multicenter retrospective study of patients with acute retinal arterial obstruction who underwent transthoracic echocardiography.
SETTINGS: Four North American hospital centers.
PATIENTS: One hundred patients with acute retinal artery obstruction in whom transthoracic echocardiography was performed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Anticoagulation or cardiac surgery based on abnormalities detected on transthoracic echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiographic results were not evaluated, as they were rarely performed in our centers. Thus, the outcome measure was determined solely by the results of transthoracic echocardiography.
RESULTS: Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on their history of cardioembolic risk factors or the presence of a cardiac murmur. Of 67 patients with no risk factors, 41 (61%) had normal echocardiographic study results and 26 (39%) had abnormalities detected, of whom only 1 (1.5%) received anticoagulation or cardiac surgery. The presence of 1 or more cardio-embolic risk factors increased the likelihood for anticoagulation or cardiac surgery 25 times (odds ratio = 25; 95% confidence interval = 3.04-217.02). Although this result is clinically and statistically significant, it is possible that abnormalities missed by transthoracic methods may have been detected by transesophageal technology.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute retinal arterial obstruction at low cardioembolic risk, transthoracic echocardiography resulted in anticoagulation or cardiac surgery in 1 (1.5%) of 67 patients. Routine transthoracic echocardiography without follow-up transesophageal echocardiography for patients identified as having abnormalities such as left ventricular hypertrophy or mitral annular calcification and who are at low cardioembolic risk rarely resulted in anticoagulation or cardiac surgery.
DESIGN: A multicenter retrospective study of patients with acute retinal arterial obstruction who underwent transthoracic echocardiography.
SETTINGS: Four North American hospital centers.
PATIENTS: One hundred patients with acute retinal artery obstruction in whom transthoracic echocardiography was performed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Anticoagulation or cardiac surgery based on abnormalities detected on transthoracic echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiographic results were not evaluated, as they were rarely performed in our centers. Thus, the outcome measure was determined solely by the results of transthoracic echocardiography.
RESULTS: Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on their history of cardioembolic risk factors or the presence of a cardiac murmur. Of 67 patients with no risk factors, 41 (61%) had normal echocardiographic study results and 26 (39%) had abnormalities detected, of whom only 1 (1.5%) received anticoagulation or cardiac surgery. The presence of 1 or more cardio-embolic risk factors increased the likelihood for anticoagulation or cardiac surgery 25 times (odds ratio = 25; 95% confidence interval = 3.04-217.02). Although this result is clinically and statistically significant, it is possible that abnormalities missed by transthoracic methods may have been detected by transesophageal technology.
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute retinal arterial obstruction at low cardioembolic risk, transthoracic echocardiography resulted in anticoagulation or cardiac surgery in 1 (1.5%) of 67 patients. Routine transthoracic echocardiography without follow-up transesophageal echocardiography for patients identified as having abnormalities such as left ventricular hypertrophy or mitral annular calcification and who are at low cardioembolic risk rarely resulted in anticoagulation or cardiac surgery.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
The 'Ten Commandments' for the 2023 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of endocarditis.European Heart Journal 2024 April 18
Challenges in Septic Shock: From New Hemodynamics to Blood Purification Therapies.Journal of Personalized Medicine 2024 Februrary 4
A Guide to the Use of Vasopressors and Inotropes for Patients in Shock.Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 2024 April 14
Prevention and treatment of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in people with diabetes mellitus: a focus on glucose control and comorbidities.Diabetologia 2024 April 17
Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation 2024 April 19
Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Clinical Pearls for Primary Care Providers and Gastroenterologists.Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2024 April
Essential thrombocythaemia: A contemporary approach with new drugs on the horizon.British Journal of Haematology 2024 April 9
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app